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Vancomycin hydrochloride CAS:1404-93-9
Vancomycin hydrochloride waa daawo antibiyootiko ah oo loo isticmaalo daaweynta caabuqyada daran ee ay keenaan noocyada bakteeriyada qaarkood. Waxay ka tirsan tahay fasalka glycopeptide ee daawooyinka waxayna ka shaqeysaa joojinta isku-darka peptidoglycan, oo ah qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah derbiyada unugyada bakteeriyada. Waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daaweeyo caabuqyada sida MRSA, shubanka Clostridium difficile-la xiriira, iyo endocarditis-ka bakteeriyada..
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HEPPS CAS:16052-06-5 Qiimaha Soo-saaraha
HEPPS, oo u taagan N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid, waa wakiil wax lagu kaydiyo oo zwitterionic ah oo si caadi ah loogu isticmaalo cilmi-baarista bayoolojiga iyo bayoolojiga. Waxaa loo yaqaanaa awooddeeda wax lagu kaydiyo ee aadka u fiican iyo xasilloonida baaxadda pH ee ballaaran, gaar ahaan heerka pH 6.8-8.2. HEPPS waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa warbaahinta dhaqanka unugyada, nadiifinta borotiinka, falcelinta enzymatic, iyo codsiyada kale ee u baahan jawi pH oo si sax ah loo xakameeyey. Waa mid ku milma biyaha waxaana badanaa loo isticmaalaa heerarka u dhexeeya 10 mM ilaa 100 mM. HEPPS waxaa loo arkaa mid aan sun ku ahayn unugyada waxayna leedahay faragelin asal hoose, taasoo ka dhigaysa doorasho caan ah oo loogu talagalay borotokoollo badan oo tijaabo ah.
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2,3,5-Triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride CAS:298-96-4
2,3,5-Triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan TTC, waa isku-dhis caadi ahaan loo isticmaalo tilmaame redox ah marka la adeegsanayo bayoolojiga iyo kiimikada. Waxay u muuqataa sidii budo crystalline ah oo huruud-cad ah.
TTC waxaa si joogto ah loogu isticmaalaa baaritaanno iyo tijaabooyin bayooloji oo kala duwan si loo go'aamiyo jiritaanka unugyada iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa dheef-shiid kiimikaadka. Marka lagu daro unugyada nool, waxaa loo yareeyaa enzymatic ahaan si loo sameeyo badeecad cas oo formazan ah. Hoos u dhacani wuxuu ku xiran yahay ensaymada dehydrogenase firfircoon ee ku jira unugyada nool. Sidaas darteed, xaddiga formazan cas ee la soo saaro wuxuu u dhigmaa tirada unugyada firfircoon ee dheef-shiid kiimikaadka.
Awoodda TTC ee lagu qiimeeyo jiritaanka unugyada ayaa ka dhigaysa mid faa'iido leh meelaha cilmi-baarista sida baaritaanka sunta unugyada, baaritaannada taranka unugyada, iyo qiimeynta waxtarka daawada. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa loo adeegsadaa bayoolaji-yaqaannada microbiology si loo qiimeeyo koritaanka bakteeriyada, iyo sidoo kale daraasadaha ku lug leh dhaqanka unugyada dhirta iyo qiimeynta jiritaanka unugyada.
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Gly-Pro p-nitroanilide p-toluenesulfonate cusbo CAS:65096-46-0
Cusbada Gly-Pro p-nitroanilide p-toluenesulfonate waa isku-dhis kiimiko ah oo loo isticmaalo tijaabooyinka enzymatic si loo cabbiro dhaqdhaqaaqa peptidases-ka gaarka ah ee proline. Waxay ka kooban tahay dipeptide Gly-Pro oo ku xiran kooxda p-nitroanilide, kaas oo lagu sii deyn karo ficilka peptidases-ka gaarka ah ee proline.
Tijaabooyinka ensaymatiga ah, isku-darkaan waxaa lagu daraa muunad ka kooban ensaymka xiisaha leh. Ensaymku wuxuu kala gooyaa xiriirka u dhexeeya glycine (Gly) iyo proline (Pro), isagoo sii deynaya kooxda p-nitroanilide. P-nitroanilide-ka la sii daayay waxaa lagu cabbiri karaa spectrophotometry, taasoo u oggolaanaysa go'aaminta dhaqdhaqaaqa ensaymka.
Qaabka milixda p-toluenesulfonate ee Gly-Pro p-nitroanilide wuxuu bixiyaa xasillooni iyo milmida xalalka biyaha, isagoo fududeynaya isticmaalkeeda baaritaannada ensaymikada..
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5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide CAS:4264-82-8
5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide waa isku-dhis loo isticmaalo daraasado kala duwan oo bayoolaji ah, gaar ahaan ogaanshaha iyo muuqaalka dhaqdhaqaaqa ensaymka. Waa substrate ay hydrolyzate ku samayn karaan ensaymo gaar ah, taasoo keenta sii deynta badeecad midab leh ama fluorescent ah.
Isku-darkaan waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa baaritaannada si loo ogaado jiritaanka iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa ensaymada sida beta-galactosidase iyo beta-glucuronidase. Ensaymadani waxay ka gooyaan kooxaha acetyl iyo glucosaminide substrate-ka, taasoo horseedaysa sameynta koromosoom buluug ama cagaar ah.
Qaab-dhismeedka gaarka ah ee 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide wuxuu u oggolaanayaa si fudud loo ogaado loona qiyaaso dhaqdhaqaaqa ensaymka. Isticmaalkiisa farsamooyin tijaabo ah oo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, iyo baaritaannada ku salaysan unugyada, ayaa gacan ka geystay faham wanaagsan oo ku saabsan shaqooyinka ensaymka.
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AMPPD CAS:122341-56-4 Qiimaha Soo-saaraha
AMPPD, gaaban ee 3-(2′-spiroadamantane)-4-methoxy-4-(3″-phosphoryloxy)phenyl-1,2-dioxetane, waa substrate kiimiko ah oo si caadi ah loogu isticmaalo codsiyada bayoolojiga iyo difaaca jirka. Waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa cilmi-baarista bayoolojiga moolikalka, ogaanshaha, iyo cilmiga nolosha.
AMPPD waxaa si gaar ah loogu talagalay in lagu isticmaalo isku-darka enzyme-ka alkaline phosphatase conjugates. Marka la kulmo phosphatase alkaline, AMPPD waxay martaa falgal degdeg ah oo hufan oo kala-goynta enzymatic, taasoo horseedaysa sii deynta iftiinka.
Iftiinka ka soo baxaya AMPPD waxaa lagu ogaadaa iyadoo la adeegsanayo nidaamyada sawir-qaadista xasaasiga ah ama mitirrada iftiinka, taasoo u oggolaanaysa cabbiraadda iyo muuqaalka molecules-ka bartilmaameedka ah ama falanqeeyayaasha. Habkan ogaanshaha ee ku salaysan kiimikada ayaa bixiya xasaasiyad sare, buuq hoose oo gadaal ah, iyo kala duwanaansho firfircoon oo ballaaran.
Sababtoo ah xasilloonideeda iyo calaamadda waarta awgeed, AMPPD si fiican ayuu ugu habboon yahay codsiyada sida Western blotting, ELISA (assay immunosorbent enzyme-linked), DNA hybridization, iyo in situ hybridization. Waxay u suurtogelinaysaa cilmi-baarayaasha inay ogaadaan oo ay falanqeeyaan borotiinnada, asiidhyada nucleic, antibodies, iyo molecules-ka kale ee noolaha.
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2,6-Dichloroindophenol sodium cusbo CAS:620-45-1
3,5-Dichlorophenyldiazonium tetrafluoroborate waa isku-dhis kiimiko ah oo si caadi ah loogu isticmaalo isku-darka dabiiciga ah. Waa cusbo diazonium ah, taasoo la macno ah inay ka kooban tahay koox diazonium ah (N2+) oo ku xiran giraan phenyl ah oo lagu beddelayo atamka chlorine ee booska 3aad iyo 5aad.
Isku-darkan waxaa badanaa loo adeegsadaa falcelinta ku lug leh isku-xidhka isku-dhafka kale ee udgoonka leh. Waxay mari kartaa falcelin sida beddelka udgoonka elektaroonigga ah, halkaas oo ay ugu wareejin karto kooxda diazonium-keeda isku-darka kale ee udgoonka nucleophilic si ay u sameyso xiriir cusub. Tani waxay si gaar ah faa'iido ugu leedahay soo bandhigidda kooxaha shaqeynaya ee ku jira giraanta udgoonka leh..
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3,3′-Diaminobenzidine CAS:91-95-2
3,3′-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) waa isku-dhis kiimiko ah oo si caadi ah loogu isticmaalo farsamooyinka rinjiyeynta immunohistochemistry (IHC) iyo immunocytochemistry (ICC). Waa substrate chromogenic ah oo soo saara badeeco falgal bunni ah marka la kulmo ensaymes peroxidase, taasoo muujinaysa jiritaanka antigen-ka bartilmaameedka ah.
DAB waxaa badanaa loo adeegsadaa in lagu arko borotiinno ama molecules kale oo xiiso leh oo ku jira muunado bayooloji ah, sida qaybaha unugyada ama unugyada. Waxay bixin kartaa calaamad maxalli ah oo muuqata oo loogu talagalay antigen-ka bartilmaameedka ah, taasoo u oggolaanaysa cilmi-baarayaasha inay aqoonsadaan oo ay falanqeeyaan qaybintooda iyo tirooyinkooda.
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(±)-6-Hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic aashito CAS:53188-07-1
Trolox waa isku-dhis macmal ah oo ka tirsan fasalka antioxidants-ka loo yaqaan analogs-ka fitamiin E. Waa antioxidant awood leh oo ka takhalusi kara xagjirrada xorta ah isla markaana ka ilaalin kara unugyada iyo unugyada waxyeelada oksaydhka. Trolox si ballaaran ayaa loo bartay faa'iidooyinkeeda caafimaad ee suurtagalka ah, oo ay ku jiraan awooddeeda ay ku yarayn karto bararka, uga hortagi karto dhaawaca unugyada, iyo taageeridda caafimaadka wadnaha iyo xididdada dhiigga. Waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa sidii isku-dhis tixraac ah cilmi-baarista antioxidant-ka iyo sidoo kale wax lagu daro cuntooyinka iyo alaabada qurxinta kala duwan.
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1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride CAS:25952-53-8
1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan EDC hydrochloride ama EDAC, waa isku-dhis kiimiko ah oo si caadi ah loogu isticmaalo bayoolajiga iyo bayoolajiga molecular-ka iyadoo ah wakiil isku-xidhan oo loogu talagalay kicinta kooxaha carboxyl. Waa budo cad oo crystalline ah oo si aad ah ugu milma biyaha.
EDC hydrochloride waxaa ugu horreyn loo isticmaalaa isku-darka peptides iyo borotiinnada iyadoo la fududeynayo sameynta isku-xidhka amide ee u dhexeeya carboxyl iyo kooxaha amino. Waxay ku shaqeysaa iyadoo kicineysa kooxaha carboxyl, kuwaas oo la falgala kooxaha amino marka ay joogaan wakiil isku-xidhan sida N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). Falgalkani wuxuu keenaa sameynta isku-xidhka amide ee deggan.
EDC hydrochloride waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa cilmi-baarista DNA iyo RNA si loo beddelo loona isku xidho asiidhyada nucleic-ga, iyo sidoo kale joojinta ensaymada iyo molecules-ka kale ee ku jira dusha sare. Waa falgal badan oo kor u qaadi kara hufnaanta iyo gaar ahaanshaha falgalladan.
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HEPES CAS:7365-45-9 Qiimaha Soo-saaraha
HEPES (4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethanesulfonic acid) waa kayd bayooloji ah oo si caadi ah loogu isticmaalo cilmi-baarista bayoolojiga iyo kiimikada. Waxaa loo yaqaanaa awooddeeda ay ku ilaalin karto pH deggan oo ku jirta xalalka biyaha, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid ku habboon codsiyada kala duwan ee ku lug leh hababka unugyada iyo ensaymada. HEPES waa isku-darka zwitterionic, taasoo la macno ah inay leedahay kharashyo togan iyo kuwa taban oo ku saabsan kooxo shaqo oo kala duwan, taasoo u oggolaanaysa inay iska caabiso isbeddellada pH ee ay keento ku darista asiidhyada ama saldhigyada. Waxaa si joogto ah loogu isticmaalaa dhaqanka unugyada, tijaabooyinka ensaymka, daraasadaha borotiinka, tijaabooyinka elektrophoresis, iyo qaacidooyinka dawooyinka.
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p-Nitrophenyl -aL-Fucopyranoside CAS:10231-84-2
p-Nitrophenyl-α-L-Fucopyranoside waa isku-dhis kiimiko ah oo ka tirsan fasalka nitrophenyl glycosides. Waxaa si caadi ah loogu isticmaalaa cilmi-baarista bayoolaji ahaan sidii substrate loogu talagalay ensaymka α-L-fucosidase, kaas oo kiciya hydrolysis-kiisa. Isku-darkani waa mid aan midab lahayn oo ku milma dareerayaasha dabiiciga ah, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid ku habboon baaritaannada ensaymikada.
