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Beta-Amylase CAS:9000-91-3 Qiimaha Soo-saaraha
Beta-amylase waa ensaym ka ciyaara door muhiim ah dheef-shiid kiimikaadka karbohaydraytka, gaar ahaan burburka ama hydrolysis-ka molecules-ka istaarijka. Waxay kicisaa kala-goynta xidhmooyinka α-1,4-glycosidic ee istaarijka, iyadoo sii deynaysa maltose iyo unug yar oo loo yaqaan xadka dextrin.
Ensaymkan waxaa lagu soo saaraa nooleyaal kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan dhirta, bakteeriyada, iyo fangaska, waxaana si caadi ah loogu isticmaalaa warshadaha sida wax soo saarka dubista, dubista, iyo wax soo saarka shidaalka noolaha.
Marka la samaynayo karinta, beta-amylase wuxuu door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraa beddelka istaarijka ku jira badarka la shiiday una beddelo sonkor la shiiday inta lagu jiro habka shiididda, taasoo gacan ka geysanaysa soo saarista khamriga khamiirka. Dubista, waxay ka caawisaa in istaarijka loo kala jaro sonkor, taasoo gacan ka geysanaysa bunniyeynta iyo horumarinta dhadhanka alaabta la dubay. Soo saarista shidaalka biofuel, beta-amylase waxaa loo isticmaalaa hydrolysis-ka biomass-ka ku salaysan istaarijka si loo helo sonkor la shiiday oo loo isticmaalo soo saarista ethanol.
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BROMELAIN OO KA JIRA STEM CANANAS CAS:37189-34-7
Bromelain waa isku darka ensaymyada laga soo qaatay jirridda geedka cananaaska (Ananas comosus). Waxay inta badan ka kooban tahay proteases, kuwaas oo ah ensaymyo burburiya borotiinnada. Bromelain waxaa loo isticmaali jiray qarniyo badan daawada dhaqameed ahaan dawo dabiici ah oo loogu talagalay xaalado caafimaad oo kala duwan.
Maadaama ay leedahay sifooyin dheefshiidka borotiinka, bromelain waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa gargaar dheefshiid, taasoo gacan ka geysaneysa hagaajinta burburka iyo nuugista borotiinnada ku jira nidaamka dheefshiidka. Waxaa sidoo kale lagu bartay saameynteeda ka hortagga bararka iyo faa'iidooyinka suurtagalka ah ee yareynta bararka, nabarka, iyo xanuunka.
Marka laga soo tago sifooyinka dheefshiidka iyo ka hortagga bararka, bromelain waxaa lagu baaray awooddeeda ku jirta codsiyo kale oo daaweyn ah oo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan bogsashada nabarka, taageerada habdhiska difaaca jirka, iyo caafimaadka neefsashada.
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Calpain Inhibitor IV CAS:133407-82-6
Calpain Inhibitor IV waa nooc ka mid ah daawada oo si gaar ah u bartilmaameedsata oo joojisa dhaqdhaqaaqa enzyme-ka calpain. Calpain waa enzyme protease ah oo ku tiirsan kalsiyum kaas oo door ka ciyaara hababka kala duwan ee unugyada, oo ay ku jiraan calaamadaynta unugyada, apoptosis, iyo dib-u-habaynta cytoskeletal.
Marka la joojiyo calpain, Calpain Inhibitor IV wuxuu ka caawiyaa ka hortagga firfircoonida xad dhaafka ah iyo kan aan la xakamayn ee ensaymkan, taasoo horseedi karta dhaawac iyo cillad unugyada ah. Joojintani waxay faa'iido u yeelan kartaa xaaladaha ay ku lug leedahay firfircoonida xad dhaafka ah ee calpain, sida xanuunada neerfaha sida cudurada Alzheimer iyo Parkinson, dhaawaca ischemic, ama xaaladaha burburka murqaha.
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Carboxypeptidase B CAS:9025-24-5
Carboxypeptidase B waa ensaym door muhiim ah ka ciyaara dheefshiidka borotiinka iyo dheef-shiid kiimikaadka. Gaar ahaan, waxay kicisaa hydrolysis-ka xidhmooyinka peptide ee dhammaadka C-terminal ee borotiinnada, taasoo keenta in laga saaro amino acids-ka shaqsiga ah.
Carboxypeptidase B aad ayuu ugu gaar yahay amino acids-ka aasaasiga ah, sida lysine iyo arginine, wuxuuna si gaar ah waxtar ugu leeyahay kala-goynta haraagaas. Waxaa badanaa laga helaa dheecaanka ganaca wuxuuna ku lug leeyahay marxaladda ugu dambeysa ee dheefshiidka borotiinka ee xiidmaha yar.
Ensaymkan waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa codsiyada shaybaarka ee kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan taxanaha borotiinka, isku-darka peptide, iyo falanqaynta borotiinka. Awoodda carboxypeptidase B si gaar ah u kala furfuridda amino acids-ka C-terminal ee borotiinnada ayaa ka dhigaysa qalab qiimo leh oo lagu barto qaab-dhismeedka iyo shaqada borotiinka.
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Carboxypeptidase, dipeptidyl, A CAS:9015-82-1
Carboxypeptidase waa ensaym kiciya hydrolysis (burburka) ee xidhmooyinka peptide ee ku yaal dhammaadka carboxyl (C-terminal) ee peptides-ka iyo borotiinnada. Waxay ka caawisaa dheefshiidka iyo farsamaynta borotiinnada iyadoo ka goynaysa amino acids-ka shaqsiga ah dhammaadka silsiladda peptide. Carboxypeptidases waxaa loo kala saaraa laba nooc: exopeptidases, kuwaas oo mid mid uga saara amino acids-ka dhammaadka C-terminal, iyo endopeptidases, kuwaas oo kala gooya xidhmooyinka peptide ee ku jira silsiladda peptide. Ensaymyadani waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan hababka kala duwan ee bayoolojiga, oo ay ku jiraan dheef-shiid kiimikaadka borotiinka, nidaaminta hoormoonnada, iyo nidaaminta dhaqdhaqaaqa ensaymikada.
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Coenzyme A sodium cusbo dareere ah CAS:55672-92-9
Coenzyme A sodium milix hydrate waa nooc biyo-milmi kara oo ka mid ah Coenzyme A (CoA), oo ah coenzyme muhiim ah oo ku lug leh marinno dheef-shiid kiimikaad oo kala duwan. Waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaartaa burburinta dufanka, karbohaydraytyada, iyo borotiinnada, iyo sidoo kale isku-darka molecules-ka muhiimka ah sida asiidhyada dufanka leh iyo kolestaroolka. Coenzyme A sodium milix hydrate waxaa si caadi ah loogu isticmaalaa cilmi-baarista kiimikada iyo daawooyinka iyadoo lagu darayo barashada dheef-shiid kiimikaadka unugyada iyo hababka la xiriira.
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5-Nitro-1,10-phenanthroline CAS:4199-88-6
5-Nitro-1,10-phenanthroline waa isku-dhis kiimiko ah oo leh qaacidada molecular-ka C12H6N4O2. Waxay ka tirsan tahay qoyska phenanthroline derivatives waxayna ka kooban tahay koox nitro ah (-NO2) oo ku xiran booska 5-aad ee nidaamka giraanta phenanthroline.
Isku-darkan waxaa loo yaqaanaa awooddiisa uu ku sameeyo isku-dhafan xasilloon oo leh ayoonnada birta, gaar ahaan ayoonnada birta ee kala-guurka ah. Kooxda nitro-gu waxay xoojisaa sifooyinka isku-dhafka ah waxayna ka dhigtaa mid waxtar u leh codsiyada kala duwan sida kiimikada falanqaynta, katalisyada, iyo kiimikada isku-dubaridka.
5-Nitro-1,10-phenanthroline waxaa loo isticmaalay sidii chelator, taasoo la macno ah inay sameyso xiriiro deggan oo leh ayoonnada birta iyadoo ku deeqaysa lammaane elektaroono ah oo keliya. Tani waxay u oggolaanaysaa xakamaynta saxda ah iyo maaraynta jawiga isku-duwidda birta-ayoonka.
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Acetyl coenzyme A sodium milix CAS:102029-73-2
Cusbada sodium ee Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) waa nooc ka mid ah acetyl-CoA. Caadi ahaan waxaa loo isticmaalaa cilmi-baarista shaybaarka iyo daraasadaha bayoolojiga.
Isticmaalka ugu weyn ee cusbada sodium-ka ee acetyl-CoA waa daraasadaha dheef-shiid kiimikaadka unugyada, gaar ahaan baaritaanka doorka acetyl-CoA ee marinnada dheef-shiid kiimikaadka ee kala duwan. Acetyl-CoA waxay u adeegtaa sidii hordhac u ah isku-darka asiidhyada dufanka leh, kolestaroolka, iyo jirka ketone, iyo sidoo kale waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaartaa wax soo saarka tamarta iyada oo loo marayo wareegga citric acid (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan wareegga Krebs).
Intaa waxaa dheer, acetyl-CoA waxay ku lug leedahay acetylation-ka borotiinnada, DNA-da, iyo histones, taas oo saameyn karta muujinta hidda-wadaha iyo dib-u-habaynta chromatin. Sidaa darteed, cusbada sodium-ka acetyl-CoA waxaa loo isticmaali karaa daraasadaha diiradda saaraya wax-ka-beddelka epigenetic-kan iyo saameyntooda shaqada unugyada.
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Puromycin dihydrochloride CAS:58-58-2 Qiimaha Soo-saaraha
Puromycin dihydrochloride waa antibiyootiko xooggan oo si caadi ah loogu isticmaalo cilmi-baarista bayoolajiga molecular iyo bayoolajiga unugyada. Waxay joojisaa isku-darka borotiinka iyadoo keenta joojinta dhicis ah ee isku-darka borotiinka inta lagu jiro turjumaadda. Puromycin wuxuu waxtar u leeyahay unugyada prokaryotic iyo eukaryotic labadaba wuxuuna si gaar ah waxtar ugu leeyahay xulashada iyo go'doominta unugyada lagu beddelay hidde-side ama lagu beddelay hiddo-wadaha iska caabbinta puromycin. Caadiyan waxaa loo isticmaalaa goobaha shaybaarka si loo barto muujinta hidda-wadaha, isku-darka borotiinka, iyo in la abuuro khadadka unugyada deggan oo leh isbeddello hidde-side oo gaar ah.
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Acetylcholinesterase CAS:9000-81-1
Anticholinesterases waa nooc ka mid ah daawooyinka ama kiimikooyinka joojiya dhaqdhaqaaqa enzyme-ka acetylcholinesterase. Acetylcholinesterase ayaa mas'uul ka ah burburinta acetylcholine neurotransmitter-ka ee jirka ku jira. Iyagoo joojinaya ensaymkan, anticholinesterases waxay kordhiyaan heerarka acetylcholine, taasoo horseedaysa firfircooni cholinergic ah oo kordhaysa oo ku jirta habdhiska neerfaha dhexe iyo kan durugsan.
Isticmaalka ugu weyn ee daaweynta anticholinesterases waa daaweynta xanuunada neerfaha sida cudurka Alzheimers iyo myasthenia gravis. Cudurka Alzheimers, daawooyinkani waxay higsanayaan inay kor u qaadaan gudbinta neerfaha ee cholinergic waxayna suurtogal u tahay inay hoos u dhigaan hoos u dhaca garashada. Myasthenia gravis, anticholinesterases waxay gacan ka geystaan hagaajinta gudbinta murqaha iyo xoogga murqaha.
Isticmaalka kale ee anticholinesterases waxaa ka mid ah ogaanshaha iyo daaweynta sunta anticholinergic, gaar ahaan sunta cayayaanka ama wakiilada neerfaha qaarkood. Walxahani waxay sababi karaan kicinta xad-dhaafka ah ee soo-dhoweeyayaasha muscarinic iyo nicotinic, taasoo keenta calaamado sida daciifnimada murqaha, gariirka, iyo walbahaarka neefsashada. Anticholinesterases waxay dib u celin karaan saameyntan iyagoo kordhinaya heerarka acetylcholine iyo tartanka walxaha sunta ah.
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Rapamycin oo ka timid Streptomyces hygroscopicus CAS:53123-88-9
Rapamycin waa iskudhis dabiici ah oo laga soocay bakteeriyada Streptomyces hygroscopicus. Waxay leedahay hawlo bayooloji oo kala duwan waxaana inta badan loo yaqaanaa sifooyinkeeda xakamaynta difaaca jirka iyo ka hortagga kansarka.
Markii hore loo ogaaday inay tahay wakiil fungal ah, rapamycin waxaa tan iyo markaas la ogaaday inuu leeyahay sifooyin awood leh oo xakameynaya difaaca jirka, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid qiimo leh oo ku jirta tallaalka xubnaha si looga hortago diidmada. Waxay tan ku sameysaa iyadoo joojinaysa kicinta iyo faafitaanka unugyada T, oo ah qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah jawaab celinta difaaca jirka.
Intaa waxaa dheer, rapamycin waxay muujisay natiijooyin rajo leh oo ku saabsan daaweynta kansarrada kala duwan. Waxay ka shaqeysaa joojinta borotiin la yiraahdo mTOR (bartilmaameedka naasaha ee rapamycin), kaas oo door muhiim ah ka ciyaara koritaanka iyo kala qaybinta unugyada. Iyada oo xannibaysa mTOR, rapamycin waxay ka caawisaa xakamaynta koritaanka aan la xakamayn ee unugyada kansarka.
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Acylase oo ka soo jeeda nooca Aspergillus CAS:9012-37-7
Acylase waa ensaym ay soo saaraan noocyo kala duwan oo ka tirsan hidde-sidaha Aspergillus, oo ay ku jiraan Aspergillus oryzae iyo Aspergillus niger. Ensaymkan wuxuu ka tirsan yahay qoyska hydrolases wuxuuna ku lug leeyahay hydrolysis-ka isku-dhafka acyl.
Acylases waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan hababka kala duwan ee bayoolaji, gaar ahaan dheef-shiid kiimikaadka isku-dhafka dabiiciga ah. Waxay kiciyaan kala-goynta kooxaha acyl ee ka soo jeeda substrate, iyagoo badanaa u adeegsanaya biyo sidii fal-celin-wadaag. Fal-celintan enzymatic-ka waxaa loo yaqaan acyl hydrolysis.
Acylases-ka ka soo jeeda nooca Aspergillus ayaa si ballaaran loo bartay loona isticmaalay codsiyada bayoolojiga. Waxay muujiyeen awood weyn oo ku aaddan soo saarista iskudhisyo qiimo leh oo kala duwan sida amino acids, antibiotics, iyo daawooyinka kale ee dhexdhexaadka ah.
